Concepts to Manipulatives to References

Algebra/patterns -- calculators, computers/Internet/software/spreadsheets, base-ten blocks, games/puzzles/toys, pattern blocks, attribute blocks, tangrams, cubes/Unifix cubes, color tiles, Cuisenaire rods, ten-frames, counters, hundreds chart/math tables/number lines/10x10 grid/circle chart, geoboards, geometric shapes, books/journals/newspapers/portfolios, fabrics/beadwork, pentablocks, toothpicks/rods/sticks, soap, drinking straws

Algorithms -- computers/Internet/software/spreadsheets, games/puzzles/toys, calculators

Angles -- protractors, compasses, geoboards, miras/mirrors/reflective material, pattern blocks, books/journals/newspapers/portfolios, paper/origami/stencil patterns/graph paper, tangrams, rulers/straightedge/tape measures/meter sticks/trundle wheels/callipers

Area/surface area -- geoboards, color tiles, base-ten blocks, cubes/Unifix cubes, tangrams, pattern blocks, rulers/straightedge/tape measures/meter sticks/trundle wheels/callipers, fraction models/circles, color tiles, cubes/Unifix cubes, games/puzzles/toys, geometric shapes, paper/origami/stencil patterns/graph paper, fabrics/beadwork, pentablocks

Cardinal/ordinal/nominal numbers -- counters, calculators, games/puzzles/toys, marbles

Classification/sorting/making sets -- attribute blocks, cubes/Unifix cubes, pattern blocks, tangrams, counters, Cuisenaire rods, geometric solids, money, base-ten blocks, cardboard/boxes, geoboards, books/journals/newspapers/portfolios, toothpicks/rods/sticks, miras/mirrors/reflective material, paper/origami/stencil patterns/graph paper, games/puzzles/toys, geometric shapes, dice/number cubes, balance scale/weights/scales, building blocks/Lego, play centers, color tiles, capacity containers, computers/Internet software, polyhedrons/nets, fraction models/circles, fabrics/beadwork, chalkboard/metal chalkboard/flannel board/magnet board, calculators, marbles, pentablocks

Coordinate/analytic geometry -- geoboards, paper/origami/stencil patterns, graph paper

Constructions -- compasses, protractors, rulers/straightedge/tape measures/meter sticks/trundle wheels/callipers, miras/mirrors/reflective material, books/journals/newspapers/portfolio/learning logs, building blocks/Lego, geoboards, tangrams, fabrics/beadwork, toothpicks/rods/sticks

Counting/skip-counting/one-to-one correspondence -- cubes/Unifix cubes, counters, color tiles, Cuisenaire rods, spinners, ten-frames, dice/number cubes, money, calculators, building blocks/Lego, candy/food, play centers, base-ten blocks, geometric solids, geometric shapes, polyhedrons/nets, pattern blocks, geoboards, games/puzzles/toys, capacity containers, marbles, computers/Internet software, balance scale/weights/scales, books/journals/newspapers/portfolios, tangrams, fabrics/beadwork, rulers/tape measures/trundle wheels/callipers

Data collection/management/graphing/interpretation - counters, attribute blocks, balance scale, base-ten blocks, capacity containers, color tiles, thermometers, geoboards, candy/food, counters, books/journals/newspapers/portfolios, money, geometric shapes, games/puzzles/toys, chalkboard/metal chalkboard/flannel board/magnet board, paper/origami/stencil patterns/graph paper, polyhedrons/nets, computers/Internet/software/spreadsheets, dice/number cubes, pattern blocks fabrics/beadwork, marbles, pentablocks, toothpicks/rods/sticks, soap, drinking straws

Decimals -- base-ten blocks, money, calculators, dice/number cubes, spinners, pattern blocks, calculators, candy/food, hundreds chart/math tables/number lines/10x10 grid/circle chart, balance scale/weights/scales

Dimensionality/2D/3D -- attribute blocks, calculators, protractors, compasses, geometric solids, balloons, computers/Internet/software/spreadsheets, cubes/Unifix cubes, games/puzzles/toys, geometric shapes, paper/origami/stencil patterns/graph paper, pattern blocks, candy/food, maps, rulers/tape measures/trundle wheels/callipers, books/journals/newspapers/portfolios, polyhedrons/nets, video technology/multi-media, cardboard/boxes, building blocks/Lego, miras/mirrors/reflective material, toothpicks/rods/sticks, soap, drinking straws

Equality/equivalence/inequality/equations -- calculators, counters, balance scale, color tiles, money, cubes/Unifix cubes, Cuisenaire rods, fraction models/circles, geoboards, hundreds chart/math tables/number lines/10x10 grid/circle chart, games/puzzles/toys, polyhedrons/nets, candy/food, computers/Internet/software/spreadsheets, marbles, fabrics/beadwork, pentablocks

Estimation -- color tiles, geoboards, balance scale/weights/scales, capacity containers, rulers/tape measures/trundle wheels/callipers, Cuisenaire rods, calculators, counters, building blocks/Lego, money, paper/origami/stencil patterns/graph paper, cubes/Unifix cubes, fabrics/beadwork, games/puzzles/toys, fraction models/circles, hundreds chart/math tables/number lines/10x10 grid/circle chart, computers/Internet/software/spreadsheets, maps, toothpicks/rods/sticks, soap, drinking straws

Fact strategies/turnaround facts -- ten-frames, counters, games/puzzles/toys, cubes/Unifix cubes, spinners, dice/number cubes, money, calculators, hundreds chart/math tables/number lines/10x10 grid/circle chart, fraction models/circles, geoboards

Fractions -- fraction models/circles, pattern blocks, base-ten blocks, geoboards, capacity containers, clocks/stopwatches/calendars, color tiles, cubes/Unifix cubes, Cuisenaire rods, thermometers, money, tangrams, calculators, dice/number cubes, spinners, counters, pattern blocks, candy/food, hundreds chart/math tables/number lines/10x10 grid/circle chart, computers/Internet/software/spreadsheets, books/journals/newspapers/portfolios, rulers/tape measures/trundle wheels/callipers, paper/origami/stencil patterns/graph paper, fabrics/beadwork

Geometry -- attribute blocks, calculators, cubes/Unifix cubes, capacity containers, compasses, Cuisenaire rods, fraction models/circles, games/puzzles/toys, geoboards, geometric shapes, geometric solids, miras/mirrors/reflective material, paper/origami/stencil patterns/graph paper, pattern blocks, polyhedrons/nets, tangrams, rulers/tape measures/trundle wheels/callipers, building blocks/Lego, books/journals/newspapers/portfolios, tangrams, candy/food, capacity containers, color tiles, balloons, fabrics/beadwork, maps, pentablocks, toothpicks/rods/sticks, soap, drinking straws

Maps --geometric shapes, geometric solids, paper/origami/stencil patterns/graph paper, balloons, computers/Internet/software/spreadsheets, games/puzzles/toys, miras/mirrors/reflective material, video technology/multi-media, calculators, hundreds chart/math tables/number lines/10x10 grid/circle chart, rulers/tape measures/trundle wheels/callipers, maps

Measurement/scale -- balance scale/weights/scales, rulers/straightedge/tape measures/meter sticks/trundle wheels/callipers, capacity containers, thermometers, toothpicks/rods/sticks, soap, drinking straws, clocks/stopwatches/calendars/sand timers, geometric solids, base-ten blocks, books/journals/newspapers/portfolios, color tiles, maps, polyhedrons/nets, tangrams, counters, paper/origam/stencil patterns/graph paper, building blocks/Lego, play centers, calculators, computers/Internet/software/spreadsheets, candy/food, fabrics/beadwork, pentablocks

Mental math -- ten-frames, dice/number cubes, spinners, miras/mirrors/reflective material, cubes/Unifix cubes, money, paper/origami/stencil patterns/graph paper, games/puzzles/toys, geometric shapes, counters, hundreds chart/math tables/number lines/10x10 grid/circle chart, books/journals/newspaper/portfolios/learning logs, fraction models/circles, geoboards

Money -- money, candy/food, calculators, books/journals/newspaper/portfolios/learning logs, games/puzzles/toys, hundreds chart/math tables/number lines/10x10 grid/circle chart, balance scale/weights/scales, base-ten blocks, cubes/Unifix cubes, building blocks/Lego

Number concepts/operations -- cubes/Unifix cubes, counters, spinners, calculators, base-ten blocks, Cuisenaire rods, fraction models/circles, color tiles, ten-frames, money, balance scale/weights/scales, geometric solids, rulers/straightedge/tape measures/meter sticks/trundle wheels/callipers, dice/number cubes, candy/food, play centers, building blocks/Lego, geoboards, clocks/stopwatches/calendars/sand timers, chalkboard/metal chalkboard/flannel board/magnet board, tangrams, books/journals/newspaper/portfolios/learning logs, games/puzzles/toys, fabrics/beadwork, hundreds chart/math tables/number lines/10x10 grid/circle chart, attribute blocks, fraction models/circles, computers/Internet/software/spreadsheets, marbles, toothpicks/rods/sticks

Odd/even/prime/composite numbers -- color tiles, cubes, Cuisenaire rods, counters

Perimeter/circumference -- geoboards, color tiles, tangrams, pattern blocks, fraction circles, rulers/straightedge/tape measures/meter sticks/trundle wheels/callipers, cubes/Unifix cubes, computers/Internet/software/spreadsheets, books/journals/newspapers/portfolios, base-ten blocks, paper/origami/stencil patterns/graph paper, toothpicks/rods/sticks

Place value -- base-ten blocks, ten-frames, Cuisenaire rods, cubes/Unifix cubes, counters, money, abacus, hundreds chart/math tables/number lines/10x10 grid/circle chart, color tiles, calculators, computers/Internet/software/spreadsheets, candy/food, geometric shapes, fabrics/beadwork, toothpicks/rods/sticks

Probability/chance -- spinners, dice/number cubes, fraction models/circles, color tiles, counters, money, cubes/Unifix cubes, games/puzzles/toys, books/journals/newspapers/portfolios, marbles, computers/Internet/software/spreadsheets, capacity containers, fabrics/beadwork, geometric shapes

Problem solving/thinking skills -- money, pattern blocks, tangrams, games/puzzles/toys, base-ten blocks, geometric solids, books/journals/newspapers/portfolios, dice/number cubes, balance scale/weights/scales, miras/mirrors/reflective material, calculators, cubes/Unifix cubes, spinners, paper/origami/stencil patterns/graph paper, building blocks/Lego, geoboards, candy/food, Cuisenaire rods, fraction models/circles, abacus, hundreds chart/math tables/number lines/10x10 grid/circle chart, cardboard/boxes, play centers, computers/Internet/software/spreadsheets, capacity containers, thermometers, color tiles, counters, ten-frames, rulers/tape measures/trundle wheels/callipers, balloons, fabrics/beadwork, maps, toothpicks/rods/sticks, soap, drinking straws

Quantity -- cubes/Unifix cubes, books/journals/newspapers/portfolios, building blocks/Lego, computers/Internet/software/spreadsheets, counters, candy/food, games/puzzles/toys, marbles

Ratio/proportion/percent -- color tiles, cubes/Unifix cubes, Cuisenaire rods, tangrams, pattern blocks, counters, base-ten blocks, ten-frames, money, books/journals/newspapers/portfolios, building blocks/Lego, geoboards, polyhedrons/nets, balloons, fabrics/beadwork, maps

Reasoning -- attribute blocks, Cuisenaire rods, tangrams, dice/number cubes, spinners, geoboards, pattern blocks, counters, money, games/puzzles/toys, cardboard/boxes, fabrics/beadwork, geometric solids, books/journals/newspapers/portfolios, paper/origami/stencil patterns/graph paper, calculators, base-ten blocks, fraction models/circles, thermometers, hundreds chart/math tables/number lines/10x10 grid/circle chart, balance scale/weights/scales, capacity containers, color tiles, rulers/tape measures/trundle wheels/callipers, building blocks/Lego, marbles, pentablocks

Relationships/connections -- pattern blocks, base-ten blocks, geoboards, clocks, color tiles, cubes, Cuisenaire rods, money, tangrams, calculators, number cubes, spinners, counters, math balance, calculators, two-color, balance scale, games/puzzles/toys, cubes, fraction models, spinners, balloons, fabrics/beadwork, maps, pentablocks, toothpicks/rods/sticks, soap, drinking straws

Similarity/congruence -- geoboards, attribute blocks, pattern blocks, tangrams, Cuisenaire rods miras/mirrors/reflective material, color tiles, cubes/Unifix cubes, games/puzzles/toys, geometric solids, geometric shapes, paper/origami/stencil patterns/graph paper, polyhedrons/nets, counters, building blocks/Lego, dice/number cubes, fraction models/circles, hundreds chart/math tables/number lines/10x10 grid/circle chart, rulers/tape measures/trundle wheels/callipers, fabrics/beadwork, books/journals/newspapers/portfolios

Spatial visualization -- tangrams, pattern blocks, geoboards, geometric solids, polyhedrons/nets, games/puzzles/toys, miras/mirrors/reflective material, cubes/Unifix cubes, color tiles, base-ten blocks, bean counters, counters, geometric shapes, books/journals/newspapers/portfolios, paper/origami/stencil patterns/graph paper, balloons, maps

Speed/velocity -- clocks/stopwatches/calendars/sand timers, compasses, games/puzzles/toys, books/journals/newspapers/portfolios, computers/Internet/software/spreadsheets, video technology/multi-media, paper/origami/stencil patterns/graph paper, rulers/tape measures/trundle wheels/callipers

Symmetry -- geoboards, pattern blocks, tangrams, miras/mirrors/reflective material, cubes/Unifix cubes, paper/origami/stencil patterns/graph paper, computers/Internet/software/spreadsheets, attribute blocks, Cuisenaire rods, games/puzzles/toys, geometric shapes, fabrics/beadwork, pentablocks

Tessellations/tiling -- pattern blocks, attribute blocks, games/puzzles/toys, paper/origami/stencil patterns/graph paper

Transformational geometry -- geoboards, cubes/Unifix cubes, miras/mirrors/reflective material, pattern blocks, tangrams, paper/origami/stencil patterns/graph paper, polyhedrons/nets, building blocks/Lego, geometric solids, cardboard/boxes, fabrics/beadwork

Volume -- capacity containers, cubes/Unifix cubes, geometric solids, rulers/straightedge/tape measures/meter sticks/trundle wheels/callipers, counters, candy/food

Weight/mass -- geometric solids, counters, balance scale/weights/scales, cubes/Unifix cubes

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